A Survey of Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage Systems: Concept, Topology, Control and Application

A hybrid energy-storage system (HESS), which fully utilizes the durability of energy-oriented storage devices and rapidity power-oriented devices, is an efficient solution to managing energy power legitimately symmetrically. Hence, research into these systems drawing more attention with substantial findings. battery–supercapacitor (BS-HESS) widely adopted in fields renewable integration, smart- micro-grids, integration systems, etc. Focusing on BS-HESS, this work we present a comprehensive survey including technologies battery management (BMS), conversion (PCS), (EMS), predictive control techniques underlying system, application cost-effective feasibility aspects, This reflects strong symmetry different aspects designing HESS, provides guidelines design references for HESS.